Pengaruh Work-life Balance dan Flexible Working Arrangement terhadap Job Performance dengan Dimediasi oleh Employee Engagement

Main Article Content

Adinda Siska Witriaryani
Aprilizayanti Putri
David Jonathan
Tengku Mohd Khairal Abdullah

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of Work-Life Balance and Flexible Working Arrangement on Job Performance with Employee Engagement as a mediating variable. Purposive sampling was applied in this study, where the research area was focused on Jakarta and its surroundings as considered to be the center of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, where work from home schemes were mostly applied. Data collection is done online using google form. A total of 208 usable responses were collected from working individuals employed in companies implementing flexible working arrangements. Data were collected and analyzed using SMART PLS ver.3.0. The results showed that flexible working arrangements, although not directly affecting job performance, had several effects when Employee Engagement was introduced as a mediating factor. This finding proposes the full mediating effect of Employee Engagement on Job Performance. In addition, Employee Engagement was also found to mediate the relationship between Work-Life Balance and Job Performance. Therefore, the introduction of Employee Engagement as a mediating variable for Work-Life Balance and Flexible Working Arrangement, will increase the Job Performance variance in this study

Article Details

How to Cite
Adinda Siska Witriaryani, Aprilizayanti Putri, David Jonathan, & Tengku Mohd Khairal Abdullah. (2022). Pengaruh Work-life Balance dan Flexible Working Arrangement terhadap Job Performance dengan Dimediasi oleh Employee Engagement . Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(7), 932–947. https://doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v4i7.1202
Section
Articles

References

Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M.(2015). How effective is telecommuting?Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16, 40-68.doi:10.1177/1529100615593273

Abdallah, A.B., Obeidat,B.Y.,Aqqad,N.O., Al Janini,M.N.K., & Dahiyat,S.EThe Impact of Flexible Working Hours On. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 5(7), 450–466. Retrieved from http://ijecm.co.uk

Abualoush,S.H.,Obeidat,A.M., Ali, A., Masa’deh,R.,&Al-Badi,A. (2018a)."The role of employees’ empowerment as an intermediary variable between knowledge management and information systems on employees’ performance". VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 48(2), 217- 237. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-08-2017-0050

Abualoush, S., Bataineh, K., & Alrowwad, A. (2018b). The role of knowledge management process and intellectual capital as intermediary variables between knowledge management infrastructure and organization performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 13, 279-309.

Abualoush,S., Khaled Bataineh,K., & Aladwan,A.(2017).Impact of InformationSystems on Innovation (Product Innovation, Process Innovation) -Field Study on the Housing Bank in Jordon. International Journal of Business Administration,8(1), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v8n1p95

Agha, K., Azmi, F.T., Irfan, A., “Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical study Focusing on Higher Education Teachers in Oman”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 7, No. 3, March 2017

Ahmad, A. R. (2013). A study of Flexible Working Hours and Motivation. Canadian Center of Science and Education.

Al-dalahmeh,M., Masa’deh, R., Abu Khalaf, R.K.,&Obeidat, B.Y.(2018). The Effect of Employee Engagement on Organizational Performance via the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction: The Case of IT Employees in Jordanian Banking Sector. Modern Applied Science,12(6),17-43.https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n6p17

Ammari,G., Al Kurdi.B., Alshurideh,M., Obeidat,B.Y., Abu Hussien,A.,&Alrowwad,A.(2017). Investigating the Impact of Communication Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: A Practical Approach to Increase Employees’ Loyalty.International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9(2), 113-133. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n2p113

Andrew, O., & Sofian, S. (2012). Individual Factors and Work Outcomes of Employee Engagement. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 498–508.

Anitha,J.(2014).Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3),308- 323.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008

Anwar, J., Hansu, S.A.F.,&Janjua, S.Y. (2013). Work-life balance: What organizations should do to create balance?World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(10), 1348-1354

Arifin, Z. (2011). Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosda.

Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.

Astin, A., & Lee, J. (2003). How Risky Are One-Shot Cross-Sectional Assessments of Undergraduate Students. Research in Higher Education, 44(6), 657-672.

Au, W. C., & Ahme, P. K. (2014). Sustainable People Management Through Work-Life Balance: A Study of The Malaysian Chinese Context. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 6(3), 262-280. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-02-2014-0024

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Brummelhuis, L. L. (2012). Work Engagement, Performance, and Active Learning: The Role of Conscientiousness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 555-564.

Bakker, A., & Leiter, M. (2010). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York: Psychology Press.

Beauregard, T. Alexandra and Henry, Lesley C. (2009) Making the link between work-life balance practices and organizational performance. Human Resource Management Review, 19. pp. 9-22. ISSN 1053-4822

Bloom, Nicholas and Kretschmer, Tobias and Van Reenen, John Michael, Work-Life Balance, Management Practices and Productivity (April 2006). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1012387

Breitecneker R.J,&Shah A.M. (2018). Relation of work-life balance, work-family conflict, and

family-work conflict with the employee performance-moderating role of job satisfaction. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-02-2017-0018

Cegarra-Leiva, D, S.-V. M., & Gabriel Cegarra-Navarro, J. (2012). „Understanding the link between work life balance practices and organisational outcomes in SMEs: The mediating effect of a supportive culture‟. Personnel Review, vol.4, no.3.

Chang, A., McDonald, P., & Burton, P. (2010). Methodological Choices in Work-life Balance Research 1987 to 2006: A critical review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(13), 2381–2413.

Coffman, J., & Hagey, R. (2010). Flexible work models: How to bring sustainability to a 24/7 world. Bain & Company, Inc.

Cohen, S., & T.A., W. (1985). Stress, Social Support., and the Buffering Hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin. 98, 357.

David, W., & Djamaris, A. R. (2018). Metode Statistik. Jakarta: Penerbitan Universitas Bakrie.

Darakshan, N., & Islam, J. (2014). Effect of Occupational Stress and Work-life Balance on Job Satisfaction among Female Faculties of Central Universities in Delhi. Pezzottaite Journals, 3(2), 1005-1009.

Darko-Asumadu, D.A., Sika-Bright,S., Osei Tutu, B., “The Influence Of Work-Life Balance On Employees Commitment among Bankers In Accra, Ghana”, AJSW, Volume 8 Number 1 2018

Faiza, T. A., & Nazir, F. S. (2015). Capacity Building Boost Employees’ Performance. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(2), 61-66.

Fisher, G. G. (2001). Work-personal life balance: A construct development study (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Bowling Green State University, OH.

Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. (2009). Beyond Work and Family: A Measure of Work/ Non-work Interference and Enhancement. .Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441-456.

Gambles, R., Lewis, S., & Rapoport, R. (2006). The Myth of Work-Life Balance. The Challenge of Our Time for Men, Women and Societies. John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.

Greenhaus, J., Collins, K., & Shaw, J. (2003). The Relation between Work-Family Balance and Quality of Life.

Journal of Vocational Behavior Vol. 63, 510-531

Goodman, & Svyantek. (1999). Person–organization fit and contextual performance: do shared values matter. J. Voc Behavior, 254–275. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ592570.

Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sune, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of Work-life Balance on Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Mental Health: A Study Across Seven Cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361–373.

Hayman, J. (2005). Psychometric assessment of an instrument designed to measure work life balance. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(1), 85–91.

Helmle, J. R., Botero, I. C., & Seibold, D. R. (2014). Factors that Influence Perceptions of Work-life Balance in Owners of Copreneurial Firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 4(2), 110-132.

Ismail, A., Suh-Suh, Y., Ajis, M. N., and Dollah, N. F. (2009). Relationship between occupational

stress, emotional intelligence and job performance: An empirical study in Malaysia. Theoretical & Applied Economics, 16(10).

Jayaweera, T. (2015). Impact of Work Environmental Factors on Job Performance, Mediating Role of Work Motivation: A Study of Hotel Sector in England. International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 10, No. 3, 272-273.

Joo, B. K., & Lee, I. (2017). Workplace Happiness: Work Engagement, Career Satisfaction, and Subjective Well-Being. Evidence-based HRM. A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 5(2), 206-221.

Jose, G., & Mampilly, S. R. (2012). Satisfaction with HR Practices and Employee Engagement: A Social Exchange Perspective. Journal of Economic and Behavioral Studies, 4(7), 423–430.

Kabir, S. M. S. (2016). Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines (pp.201-275)

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.

Kelliher, C. &. (2010). Doing More with Less? Flexible Working Practices and The Intensification of Work.

Human Relations, 63(1), 83-106.

Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work life initiatives: Greed or Benevolence Regarding Workers’ Time, In C. L. Cooper and D. M. Rosseau (Eds.). Trends in Organisational Behaviour, 7, 79-93.

Koubova, V. &. (2018). Life-work balance: Emotional Intelligence as A Crucial Component of Achieving Both Personal Life and Work Performance. Management Research Review (36), 700-719. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2012-0115

Kumar, V., & Pansari, A. (2015). Measuring the Benefits of Employee Engagement. MIT Sloan Management Review, 56(4), 67.

Kumara, J., & Fasana, S. (2018). Work Life Conflict and Its Impact on Turnover Intention of Employees: The Mediation Role of Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8 (4).

Lewis, S. (2003). Chapter 1 Flexible Working Arrangements: Review Literature And Arts Of The Americas, 18, 1–28.

Masa’deh, H., Alrowwad, A., Alkhalafat, F., Obeidat, B., & Abualoush, S. (2018). The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Enhancing Firm Performance from the Perspective of IT Employees in Jordanian Banking Sector: The Mediating Effect of Transformational Leadership. Modern Applied Science, 12(7), 1-26.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397.

Maxwell, G. (2005). Checks and Balances: The Role of Managers in Work-Life Balance Policies. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 12, 179-189.

Md. Yusoof, Y., Md. Ali, A., & Khan, A. (2014). Assessing Reliability and Validity of Job Performance Scale among University Teachers. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research

Nazir, M. R. (2009). Metode Penelitian. Bogor: Galia Indonesia.

Ortega, Jaime, 2001, “Job Rotation as a Learning Mechanism”, Management Science, Vol. 47 No. 10.

Pasamar, S.; Alegre, J. Adoption and use of work-life initiatives: Looking at the influence of institutional pressures and gender. Eur. Manag. J. 2015, 33, 214–224

Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P. K., & Muchtar, M. (2017). Factors Affecting Employee Performance of PT

Kiyokuni Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, 59 (4), 203-221.

Rahman, M. F. W., Kistyanto, Anang, Surjanti, Jun (2020). Flexible Work Arrangements In Covid-19 Pandemic Era, Influence Employee Performance: The Mediating Role Of Innovative Work Behavior, International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research, Vol. 6, No 2, 2020, pp 10-22

Rau, B. L., & Hyland, M. M. (2002). Role conflict and flexible work arrangements: The effects on applicant attraction. Personnel Psychology, 55(1), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00105.x

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational Behavior. New York: Pearson, 77.

Robbins Stephen P.dan Coulter Mary, Management New York : Pearson Education, Inc, 2012

S., S. (2011). Work-Life Balance: The Key Driver of Employee Engagement . Asian Journal of Management Research 2 (1).

Sarjono, H., & Julianita, W. (2011). SPCC vs Lisrel. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Sarikit, M. (2016). Pengaruh Work Life Balance dan Keterikatan Pegawai terhadap Kinerja Pegawai FISIP UI.

Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan.

Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Semlali, U., & Hassi, A. (2016). Work-Life Balance: How Can We Help Women IT Professionals in Morocco?

Journal of Global Responsibility, 7(2), 210-225. doi:https://doi/10.1108/JGR-07-2016-0017

Sharma, U., Kao, R. K., “Issues In Work Life Balance And Its Impact On Employees: A Literature Review”.

IRJMST Vol 9 Issue 4 [Year 2018] ISSN 2250 – 1959

Shekhar, T. (2016). Work Life Balance and Employee Engagement–Concepts Revisited. International Journal of Education and Physicological Research, 5(1), 32-34.

Smeltzer, S., Sharts-Hopko, N. C., Cantrell, N. C., Heverly, N. C., Jenkinson, A., & Nthenge, S. (2014). Work- life balance of nursing faculty in research and practice-focused doctoral program. Nursing Outlook.

Spreitzer, G. M., Cameron, L., & Garrett, L. (2017).Alternative work arrangements: Two images of the new world of work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 473–499. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113332

Subooh, Y. (2018). A Comparative Study of Work-life Balance and Job Satisfaction of the Employees Working in Business Process Outsourcing Sector. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 10(2), 87-93.

Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Hamed Taherdoost. Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 2016, 5. ffhal-02546796f

Wasay, B. (2018). An Investigation of the Relationship between Work-Life Balance and Employee Engagement.Strategic HR Review, 12(4)