Coopetition : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen

Boosting Sales through WhatsApp Business and Service Quality: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising)

Indra Sujaya — 2024-10-31

This study aims to determine the Increase in Sales: Whatsapp Business and Service Quality with Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). The method used is multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis, with a sample of 100. The results of the study show a significant effect of whatsapp business on customer satisfaction at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). There is a significant effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). There is a significant effect of whatsapp business on increasing sales at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). There is a significant effect of service quality on increasing sales at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). There is a significant effect of customer satisfaction on increasing sales at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). Customer satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of whatsapp business on increasing sales at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising). Customer satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of service quality on increasing sales at CV. Bhakti Jaya Indonusa (BJI Advertising).

Pengelolaan Piutang Pola Channeling Melalui Penyesuaian Sistem Akuntansi Pada Koperasi

Gracia Theofanny — 2024-10-31

The KSP Sumber Makmur Karyawan’s Balance Sheet Report shows 70% of the total cooperative assets in the form of account receivables, if further analysis shows that the distribution of loans in the Cooperative comes from its own capital and also loan capital through channeling pattern, at KSP Sumber Makmur Karyawan one of them with a channeling pattern receivable accounting system. This pattern involves a third party, namely the Bank for financing loans to members. This study aims to analyze the management of account receivables from loan capital adjusted to the accounting system in order to produce appropriate financial information. The research method used a qualitative approach with a case study method, the data used is primary data and secondary data, with data analysis techniques in the form of interview, observation, and literature study. The results of the study explain that KSP Sumber Makmur Karyawan has implemented an accounts receivable accounting system, but there are several shortcomings of the system, the first is the problem of procedures between loan applications and approvals, and installment payments are still put together, and the last is the separation of functions between administrative functions and cash functions there is still no separation.

Sebuah Tinjauan Literature Review: Intention To Leave

Nita Hernita — 2024-10-31

Theoretical research on intention to leave (ITL) is an attempt to understand the elements that influence individuals' willingness to leave the organization where they work. In this context, theories such as Theory of organizational behavior, Theory of planned behavior, Theory of work life balance (WLB), Theory of Sustainable Business Practice (TSPB), Self Determination Theory (SDT), Human Resource Management (HRM), social exchange theory (SET) are often used as frameworks to explain this phenomenon. In this study, an in-depth analysis was conducted of the various factors that can influence intention to leave (ITL), data collection methods and theories underlying ITL were clearly discussed using the PRISMA method by collecting data through google scholar, researchgate and publish or perish, 220 articles were excluded and included. Data synthesis of 49 articles. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for human resource managers and practitioners in developing strategies to minimize ITL in the workplace. In addition, this theoretical study can also serve as a foundation for future empirical research to examine the relationship between these factors in a more specific context.

Pengembangan Model Kewirausahaan Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Kualitas Kurikulum Pendidikan Melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan

I Gede Kahar Suputra — 2024-10-31

This study explores the impact of integrating ChatGPT into the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' entrepreneurial competencies at IKOPIN University. The background of this research is the need for innovative learning approaches in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on the role of artificial intelligence in education. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design, collecting data from students participating in the KBBK program based on PBL integrated with ChatGPT. The sample was selected purposively, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis results indicate a good model fit after the removal of 16 indicators, leaving 8 indicators with a CMIN/DF of 1.406, a P-value of 0.122, a GFI of 0.973, and an RMSEA of 0.045. The results show that PBL has a significant positive impact on the use of ChatGPT (coefficient 0.068) and the enhancement of entrepreneurial competencies (coefficient 0.083). Instrument validity was tested with factor loadings above 0.5, and reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's Alpha above 0.7. This study emphasizes the importance of technology integration in education to enhance students' competencies, with recommendations for improving infrastructure, training, and developing an adaptive curriculum.

Implementasi Meningkatkan Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Program Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Logika Metematika Anak Usia Dini Menggunakan Media Kartu Angka

Mahsiani Mina Laili — 2024-10-31

Mathematical logic intelligence is one of the intelligences that every human resource must have which should be prepared from an early age so that children are trained from an early age to be able to think critically using their logic. This research analyzes the mathematical logic abilities of early childhood using a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The methods used in this research are surveys and case studies, as well as questionnaires and observation measuring tools as techniques for collecting data. This research involved 10 children consisting of 5 girls and 5 boys and then a pre-test was carried out using the Gardner H (1993) mathematical logic intelligence instrument without number cards. Next, the 10 children were given game stimulation using number cards for 15 days and a post-test was carried out again. The results of the research showed that the mathematical logic intelligence of the ten children who had been stimulated using number cards increased very well. This can be seen from the ability to count, read numbers and solve problems logically which has a very good increase in score after being stimulated using number cards

The Influence of Celebrity Endorsements and Social Media Marketing on the Formation of Brand Equity for Yamaha Motorcycles in West Java in the City of Bandung

Adityo Arief Budiman — 2024-10-31

This study is to examine the impact of Celebrity Endorsement and Social Media Marketing on the establishment of Brand Equity for Yamaha Motorbikes in the city of Bandung, located in West Java. The use of celebrity endorsers in marketing is very prevalent, particularly due to their potential to enhance brand image. Currently, social media is progressively supplanting traditional media, and an increasing number of consumers are utilizing it as a means of obtaining information regarding products, services, and brands. Consequently, more and more brands are integrating social media marketing into their overall brand marketing strategies to take advantage of the digital revolution. The research methodology used is an explanatory approach. The study approach was conducted to acquire a methodical, objective, and precise depiction of the facts, attributes, and associations among the variables under investigation. The Structural Equation Model-SEM PLS approach was used for research data analysis. The demographic for this study consists of 220 prospective users of Yamaha Motorbikes in West Java. The study findings indicate that both celebrity endorsement and social media marketing have a substantial impact on the development of brand equity. Specifically, both celebrity endorsement and social media marketing contribute to the enhancement of brand equity.

Pengaruh Flash Sale dan Live Streaming Terhadap Impulse Buying Behavior Pada Platform TikTok

Risa Ratna Gumilang — 2024-10-31

The development of technology and the internet has transformed societal lifestyles, with TikTok leveraging this trend through TikTok Shop, integrating entertainment and shopping with features like flash sales and live streaming to drive sales and influence consumer behavior. This study aims to examine the impact of flash sales and live streaming on impulse buying behavior on the TikTok platform. Using a quantitative approach with a survey of 400 respondents from Generation Z (aged 18-27) who have purchased through flash sales and live streaming on TikTok. Data analysis employed multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that both flash sales and live streaming significantly and positively influence impulse buying behavior. These strategies collectively form a robust approach to stimulate impulse buying: flash sales create purchase urgency, while live streaming enhances direct consumer engagement. This research offers valuable insights for TikTok sellers in optimizing flash sales and live streaming to enhance sales through impulse buying behavior.

Evaluasi Social Media Marketing Pada Instagram Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan Produk

Neng Silfi Muna’am Maulidiyyah — 2024-10-31

Social Media Marketing (SMM) is a marketing strategy that uses social media platforms to achieve business goals, including increasing brand awareness, building relationships with customers, and of course increasing sales volume. The purpose of this research is to find out what efforts Ziebarmart needs to make in order to optimize the implementation of Social Media Marketing on Ziebarmart's Instagram. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach which aims to evaluate the application of Social Media Marketing on Instagram in an effort to increase sales volume using purposive sampling data collection techniques. Data processing was obtained from interviews, questionnaires, observations and literature studies. The research results show an average expectation (Ȳ) of 3.24 and an average implementation (X̄) of 2.40, which is included in the main priority quadrant, namely indicators of current content (7), Consistent (8), Service adjustments (10 ). So the things that cooperatives need to do to increase Ziebarmart's sales volume include creating up-to-date content, improving the consistency of content uploads, adjusting services, improving interactions, and increasing Word of Mouth.

Transformasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Melalui Peningkatan Fasilitas Sanitasi di Kecamatan Tomo: Analisis dan Proyeksi 2024

Abdul Hakim — 2024-10-31

Sanitation facilities, especially defecation facilities, play a vital role in reducing the spread of infectious diseases associated with poor sanitation. Tomo District has made various efforts to improve access to sanitation, including the construction of public toilet facilities and health education campaigns. However, there are still challenges in achieving universal sanitation coverage. This study aims to identify the distribution of defecation facility use in Tomo District from 2019 to 2021, measure the level of public health in Tomo District during that period. analyze the relationship between the type of defecation facility and the level of public health. And projecting changes in the use of drinking water sources and disease prevalence. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and inferential analysis to evaluate the relationship between the independent variables (defecation facilities) and the dependent variable (health level). With the projection of data on the use of drinking water sources and the prevalence of infectious diseases until 2024, we can see the expected trend if the assumption of an increase or decrease of 10% each year is met. These results provide an important picture for planning and decision making in efforts to improve public health in Tomo District. The results showed a significant relationship between the use of private latrines and a decrease in the prevalence of infectious diseases such as diarrhea and digestive tract infections

Pengaruh Gaya Hidup, Kemudahan dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Generasi Z Muslim Pengguna SPay Later

Mohammad Rosyada — 2024-10-31

This research aims to determine the influence of lifestyle, ease of use of PayLater services, and trust in using the PayLater application on the consumer behavior of generation Z Muslims who use SPayLater. This research is quantitative research with the data source for this research referring to primary data originating from generation Z Muslims who use SPayLater in Pekalongan City. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with a sample size of 100 people and the data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that Lifestyle, Convenience and Trust partially have a positive and significant effect on the consumer behavior of generation Z Muslims who use SPayLater. Apart from that, lifestyle, convenience and trust simultaneously influence the consumer behavior of generation Z Muslims who use SPayLater. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.229 shows that the 22.9% increase in consumer behavior of generation Z Muslims using SPayLater in Pekalongan City can be explained by the independent variables, namely Lifestyle, Convenience and Trust. Meanwhile, the remaining 77.1% is explained by other variables not examined in this research.

Pengaruh Digitalisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Koperasi

Deddy Supriyadi — 2024-10-31

One of the efforts being made in the current era to improve the performance of companies and employees in their operations and services, including cooperatives, is by implementing digital technology (digitization). Among the cooperatives that have digitalized are Credit Unions (primary CU) members of the Pusat Koperasi Kredit Khatulistiwa (Puskhat). The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of digitalization in Puskhat member cooperatives, the performance of cooperative employees after digitalization and the extent of the influence of cooperative digitalization on employee performance. The research methods are survey and quantitative descriptive methods using correlation regression analysis The results of the research show that the overall implementation of digitalization of Puskhat member cooperatives is going very well, the performance of cooperative employees has increased very well and there is a positive linear relationship between digitalization of cooperatives and the performance of their employees. The hypothesis can be accepted, it is proven that the digitalization of cooperatives has a significant positive effect on employee performance. In order for digitalization in Puskhat member cooperatives to be more effective, it is necessary to carry out continuous digitalization training, changes in organizational culture, documented software maintenance and software upgrades in accordance with developments and needs, as well as objective employee performance assessments related to competency in using digitalization.

Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan

Muhammad Ali Mustofa — 2024-10-31

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of Education, Training, and Work Environment on Employee Performance and provide strategic insights for human resource management. This study uses a quantitative approach with the census method, involving the entire employee population in Sleman City Mall which totals 114 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-5 that included variables of training, education, work environment, and employee performance. The questionnaire is distributed through the appropriate media, with clear instructions for filling and returning. The collected data was analyzed using Path Analysis (SEM) with the help of AMOS software, which included initial data processing, preparation of measurement models, construction of structural models, and hypothesis testing to test the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis show that education plays an important role in improving employee abilities and productivity as well as decision-making capacity. Continuous training strengthens technical and non-technical skills and helps employees adapt to industry changes. However, the Work Environment proved to be the most dominant factor, affecting employee motivation, comfort, and productivity. In conclusion, management needs to strategically integrate education, training, and improvement of the work environment to achieve optimal performance. The implications for organizations include the importance of investing in employee education, developing continuous training programs, and creating a conducive work environment. These measures will increase employee productivity, satisfaction, and loyalty, as well as create a sustainable competitive advantage for the organization.

Optimasi Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Usaha Yang Dimiliki Oleh Koperasi Melalui Pendekatan Metode Six Sigma

Noerlina Anggraeni — 2024-10-31

The right product and service quality according to consumer preferences plays a crucial role in determining the success of a company. Therefore, a deep understanding of consumers, their needs, and the expectations that must be met is an important aspect for an organization. In order to maximize quality improvement efforts, the Six Sigma method is an inseparable key element. This method has been proven effective in optimizing product and process quality, with a positive impact on reducing defect rates that negatively impact company performance. Through a structured and measurable approach, Six Sigma is able to direct companies towards sustainable development. The Six Sigma method includes a series of steps known as DMAIC, namely Define - Measure - Analyze - Improve and Control. Through the Definition stage, companies identify problems or opportunities for improvement explicitly and map out the project framework. The Measurement step refers to collecting relevant data to analyze the initial situation, while the Analysis stage is used to analyze data in depth to identify the root cause of the problem. After that, the Improvement stage is carried out by designing and testing appropriate solutions to address the identified problems. Finally, the Control step ensures that the changes implemented are maintained and sustained for the long term.

Sumber Pendapatan Negara Menurut Al-Mawardi: Analisis Konseptual dan Relevansinya dalam Sistem Ekonomi Syariah Modern

Nanang Sobarna — 2024-10-31

Fiscal policy in managing state finances is the focus of Al-Mawardi's thinking in contributing his thoughts to Islamic economics. One of Fiscal policy in state finances talks about sources of state income. The aim of this research is to determine the sources of state income according to Al-Mawardi and their relevance in the modern sharia economic system. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, through a literature study type of research, with data analysis carried out to describe the problems studied in a clear, objective, critical and analytical manner regarding the sources of state income according to Al-Mawardi and their relevance in the modern sharia economic system. Al-Mawardi emphasized the importance of financial institutions, such as Baitul Maal, in managing state revenues, where each allocation must meet community needs proportionally. The concept of sources of state income in Al-Mawardi's perspective is not only relevant for the historical context, but also has significant applications in the modern sharia economic system which focuses on social justice and community welfare.

Peran Koperasi Universiti Kebangsaan Berhad Malaysia dalam Mendorong Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Anggota

Serly Marlina — 2024-10-31

Cooperatives are business entities that play a crucial role in developing the economic potential and capabilities of their members, with the goal of improving their welfare. The Universiti Kebangsaan (UNIKEB Berhad) Cooperative in Malaysia is one such multi-purpose cooperative that has successfully fulfilled its role despite facing various business challenges. This cooperative, which primarily comprises academic staff and students, has been operating for over five decades and manages business units that include real estate (property leasing), retail, financing, gas station management, and Ar-Rahnu (pawn services). This research aims to analyze the role and performance of UNIKEB Berhad Cooperative in promoting the economic sustainability of its members. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing secondary data from UNIKEB Berhad as well as interviews and discussions with the management, supervisors, and members of the cooperative. The findings indicate that UNIKEB Berhad Cooperative has successfully acted as a platform to promote the economic welfare of its members, reflected in its operational growth and stability over more than five decades. The cooperative has also managed to analyze the business challenges it faces, including declining member participation, liquidity constraints, dependence on external funding, and decreasing dividends or profit-sharing. Based on this analysis, UNIKEB Berhad Cooperative has effectively evaluated and designed three strategies to promote the long-term economic sustainability of its members, focusing on funding structure, governance, and member commitment. These findings provide important implications for cooperatives facing similar business challenges in formulating appropriate strategies.

Analisis Strategi Perluasan Usaha Koperasi Kakitangan Petronas Berhad Malaysia

Christina Oktaviani — 2024-10-31

Business development of the Koperasi Kakitangan Petronas (Kopetro) requires a careful business strategy to face market changes and dynamic member needs. Cooperatives not only act as providers of financial services, but also as economic platforms for their members to obtain wider benefits through various business opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to analyze how Kopetro implements business expansion strategies and strengthens its position in Malaysian industrial cooperatives. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a field study approach based on primary data obtained through visits, interviews and other internal document reviews. Based on the analysis, Kopetro has succeeded in expanding the business sector through business diversification, sharia-based financial services, and strengthening information technology, maintaining achievements and recognition as well as managing human resources. This strategy allows Kopetro to adapt to market changes and remain competitive. Kopetro has succeeded in expanding its business to cover various sectors such as trade and retail, tourism and recreation services, catering, property and sharia-based services. However, there are several challenges that can be motivation for Kopetro, such as consolidation of business management, continuous improvement in service quality and international business expansion.

Perancangan Sistem Website Untuk Pemesanan Makanan dan Minuman Menggunakan QR Code Demi Tercapainya Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Sekawan Kopi & Space

Triantya Wahyu Wirati — 2024-10-31

A coffee shop or coffee shop is one of the contemporary business places that is in great demand from young people to adults. In the Antapani area there is a coffee shop called Sekawan Kopi & Space which is a new coffee shop business that opened in 2023 and still uses conventional methods to carry out its business processes. After analyzing the current business processes, several obstacles were found, such as the ordering system which was still done manually, resulting in less efficient service. Where queues often occur, orders pile up and orders take a long time, incorrect order input and so on. Therefore, this project aims to design a site menu that can help overcome these problems and increase customer satisfaction with faster and easier service efficiency. The methods used in this project include literature study, direct observation, interviews with related parties, and in-depth analysis of the business processes being carried out. The result of this project is designing the Sekawan Kopi & Space website menu using Qr Code.

Interactive Content: Engaging Audiences in a Distracted World

Erna Susanti — 2024-10-31

This study investigates the dynamics of audience engagement on the Shopee platform, focusing on Interactivity Level, Content Quality, User Attention, and Audience Engagement. Using a quantitative approach with a sample of 100 users and employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS, the research examines direct and indirect relationships among these variables. The findings reveal significant direct effects of Interactivity Level and Content Quality on Audience Engagement, highlighting the importance of interactive features and high-quality content in driving engagement. Additionally, User Attention emerges as a critical mediator, enhancing the impact of Interactivity Level and Content Quality on Audience Engagement. Specifically, higher Interactivity Level and superior Content Quality increase User Attention, leading to heightened Audience Engagement. These insights underscore the strategic significance of optimizing interactive elements and content quality to capture and sustain user attention effectively in competitive e-commerce environments. The study contributes valuable implications for enhancing digital marketing strategies and improving user experience on platforms like Shopee, aiming to foster greater user satisfaction, loyalty, and business success.

Optimalisasi Good Governance melalui Prinsip Akuntabilitas Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Negara

Mellisa Anggraini — 2024-10-31

This study discusses the importance of implementing the principle of accountability in state financial management to support the realization of good governance in Indonesia. The principle of results-oriented accountability emphasizes that every budget user must be responsible for the use of public funds and explain the performance of the organization, both in terms of the success and failure of a program. Although various regulations have been established to support transparent and accountable financial management, this study found that its implementation still faces challenges, such as lack of transparency, weak supervision, and slow law enforcement against violations. This study uses a normative legal approach to analyze how accountability can be implemented more effectively in state financial management to encourage the achievement of good governance. The results of the study indicate that increasing transparency, strengthening the internal supervision system, and stricter law enforcement are needed to create better governance in Indonesia.

Telaah Manajemen Utang Luar Negeri Indonesia Dan Rekomendasi Kebijakan Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

Neli Purwanti — 2024-10-31

This research examines Indonesia's foreign debt management from a sharia economic perspective, with the aim of providing policy recommendations that are in accordance with sharia principles. Foreign debt is an important instrument in financing development, but high levels of debt can give rise to various economic risks. Descriptive analysis is used to describe the current condition of Indonesia's foreign debt, including the amount, type and structure of debt. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis is used to evaluate existing debt management policies and their conformity with sharia economic principles and policy recommendations from a sharia economic perspective. The research results show that Indonesia's foreign debt continues to increase, with the composition dominated by long-term debt from various sources. From a sharia economic perspective, several current debt management policies are not fully in accordance with sharia principles, especially those related to the use of debt instruments that contain elements of usury. This research recommends several policy steps, including: increasing transparency and accountability in debt management, developing financing instruments that comply with sharia principles such as sukuk and waqf, and diversifying financing sources to reduce dependence on conventional foreign debt.

Keputusan Penggunaan Aplikasi Fintech PosPay : Brand Image dan Customer Experience di kota Bandung

Asaretkha Adjane Annisawati — 2024-10-31

Digital wallet applications are expanding with various brands and engaging user experiences to meet the needs of an established market, particularly in terms of fast and practical payments. PT. Pos Indonesia offers a digital wallet application called Pospay. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of brand image and user experience on the decision to use the Pospay application in the city of Bandung. The study sample consists of 100 users of the Pospay application. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires using a semantic differential scale in a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used is associative descriptive analysis, using SPSS 25. The findings of the study indicate that brand image has a positive and significant influence on the decision to use the application, as does user experience. Additionally, brand image and user experience together have an impact on the decision to use the Pospay application

Faktor Intensi Berasuransi Syariah: Pengetahuan dan Citra, Kepercayaan Sebagai Variable Mediasi

Ellyana Amran — 2024-10-31

Indonesia as a country with a majority Muslim population, in fact, shows that the penetration of Islamic insurance is still very low compared to conventional insurance. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of knowledge and product image on Islamic insurance intention in high school teachers in the DKI Jakarta area, mediated by trust. Jakarta, as the center of government and the center of economic activity, has multiple roles and is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural with complex problems. This research uses qualitative and quantitative analysis with a sample size of 270 respondents, taken with the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected and processed using the structural equation model methodology. The results of the analysis show that there is no effect of knowledge on Islamic insurance intentions; product image affects Islamic insurance intentions; both knowledge and product image affect Islamic insurance intentions mediated by trust.

Analisis Sumber Daya Perusahaan Dan Lingkungan Eksternal

Sir Kalifatullah Ermaya — 2024-10-31

This research highlights company resource variables and the external environment in the digital creative industry in West Java, which is registered with Aspiluki. There were 25 respondents in this study, consisting of owners and managers. This research uses quantitative and descriptive research methodologies. Company resources are everything that the company owns and can control. Meanwhile, the external environment is the environment outside the organization that can influence a company. The results show that the biggest indicator of the company resource variable is "the accuracy of using computer-based systems to analyze customer and market information." Meanwhile, the biggest indicator of external environmental variables is "the power of suppliers in determining costs to the company." The lowest indicator for the company resource variable is "developing and maintaining computer-based communication relationships with customers." Therefore, researchers suggest that companies should improve service quality by offering customer service 24 hours a day instead of normal office hours, which usually only involve 5 working days a week. Meanwhile, the lowest indicator for external environmental variables is "changes in government policies that affect digital creative businesses." Therefore, researchers suggest that the government provide policies that can provide more contributions to companies in the digital creative industries.